The emergency help given to an unconscious or conscious injured or ill person to preserve life, to prevent further injury and promote recovery.

Provide safe and prompt emergency care to casualties based on their level of knowledge and skill. Determine the mechanism of injury, assesses responsiveness and seeks medical help.

Understand the principles and application of the Volunteer Emergency Aid Act.

Know what equipment, safety measures, universal precautions and techniques are used to minimize infection to both the casualty and the first aid attendant.

The process of efficiently assessing and communicating the need for medical care. Managing the scene until medical help arrives.

Primary survey focuses on assessing and maintaining the casualty’s airway, breathing and circulation (ABC). If required, a secondary survey includes obtaining a history of the casualty using the SAMPLE method, vital signs, a head to toe examination and first aid for injuries or illnesses that at not life-threatening.

Safe positioning methods to maintain an open airway, prevent shock and prevent further harm to the casualty.

Understand why the circulation system fails and awareness of the various types of shock.

Describe the physical, physiological and psychological changes that occur with a person in shock. Differentiate the various levels of consciousness. Comprehend the reasons for fainting.

Knowledge of how to assess for shock, unconsciousness and fainting. Use of first aid techniques to minimize shock.

Illustrate treatment and positioning for shock. The continual first aid responsibilities to the casualty until medical help takes over.

The basic knowledge of the respiratory and circulation systems.

The risk factors and preventive health measures of cardiovascular disease and choking.

Identify breathing complications and pain associated with angina, heart attack and stroke. List the signs and symptoms of angina, heart attack, choking, stroke and a transient ischemic attack.

Perform correct artificial respiration and chest compression methods on adult casualties with different injuries or illnesses such as cardiac arrest and choking emergencies.

Correct use of a face shield with a one-way valve.

Standard and unique application methods of triangular, roller, tubular bandages and slings. Common bandages found in first aid kits for major and minor wounds.

Bandaging techniques for minor and severe wounds of extremities, head and torso. Knowledge of special dressing techniques for injuries, such as amputations. Improvisation when first aid supplies are not available.

Practical experience to develop skills of applying a variety of dressings.

Understand the purpose of skin and muscle function.

Describe the cause of wounds and bleeding directly related to the mechanism of injury. Identify reasons for interrupted or inadequate circulation to soft tissue.

Knowledge of open and closed wounds and the type of bleeding.

Description of arterial and venous wounds and bleeding. Identify the extent of contusions, bleeding, pain and swelling

Rules for treatment of wounds and bleeding. First aid for abrasions, lacerations, avulsions, amputations, embedded objects, punctures and other soft tissue injuries. Knowledge of the pressure points.

Location, function and normal positioning of bones, muscles and joints.

Recognition of open and closed bone fractures, dislocation of joints and muscular strains.

Immobilization techniques using slings and splints for all extremities. Application of rest, ice, compression and elevation (RICE) to appropriate injuries.

The importance of vital organs located in the chest region and their function.

Knowledge of specific open and closed chest injuries related to the mechanism of injury, such as flail chest and pneumothorax.

Examination of the chest for ineffective breathing, swelling, bleeding and pain. Recognition of specific abnormal chest movements, such as sucking chest and paradoxical chest movement.

Evaluation and monitoring of a casualty’s breathing. Attention to wounds with specific dressings and positioning.

The five parts of the spinal column, the location and function. The basic head anatomy and physiology.

The most common mechanisms of injury, such as motor vehicle accidents and severe blows to the head or trunk.

Description of how to determine head and spinal injuries because they are not always obvious. Rely on history and mechanism of injury for head and spinal injuries. Common signs and symptoms are numbness and inability to move extremities.

Immobilization techniques using hands, cervical collars and spine boards.

Description of the layers of skin and its function in relation to body temperature, fluid and bacteria control.

Identification of specific soft tissue injuries caused by thermal heat, chemicals, electricity or radiation. Classification of burn severity measured by three degrees of skin depth.

Distinct signs and symptoms of the three degrees of burns measured by skin color, swelling and pain.

Maintenance of normal body temperature through cooling methods and dressings based on the type and cause of the burn.

The basic eye structures and their function.

Explanation of common eye injuries, such as open or closed injuries near the eye, eye penetration or removal from the socket.

Common signs and symptoms of eye injuries, including discoloration or bleeding around or in the eye, pain or a foreign body in the eye.

Distinct dressing and handling methods, similar to soft tissue injuries, with special care to foreign bodies and stabilization of embedded objects.

Issues related to movement of a casualty when the location or position of a casualty poses life-threatening hazards to the casualty or first aid attendant, or where first aid cannot be rendered.

Proper body mechanics for one or more rescue carry methods. Safe practical skills for a variety of lifting techniques.

Demonstration of a variety of commercial equipment or improvised materials commonly used for moving a casualty.

Practical experience using different methods of moving and transporting a casualty.

The basic physiology of the four most common medical conditions.

A description of each disease or illness and the reactions commonly experienced by a casualty.

Knowledge of the medical conditions and the specific triggers related to acute and long term diseases or illnesses.

Specific signs and symptoms related to the level of consciousness and sudden onset of illness.

Provision of correct and prompt care of symptoms and prevention of further harm to the casualty while waiting for medical help.

Knowledge of how the body maintains normal body temperature when exposed to heat or cold.

Specific causes of heat and cold injuries, such as over exposure of extreme temperatures, poor hydration, inadequate protection and rest while involved in an activity.

Description of the signs and symptoms of the three stages of hyperthermia and hypothermia.

Management of body temperature by increasing and decreasing heat. Methods of providing shelter from the elements and ongoing care until medical care arrives.

Definition of the term multiple casualty and the expectations of the first aid provider.

The care provided to casualties using the principle of triage.

Knowledge and ability to categorize casualties by assessing and reassessing breathing, circulation and level of consciousness quickly to determine life-threatening conditions and provide first aid care until medical help arrives.

A portrayal of the four ways poisons enter a body.

Identification of poisoning occurrences due to exposure as a result of poor storage, handling, ventilation and clothing. Potential risks of poisoning depend on factors, such as the type and amount of the substance, how it entered and the casualty’s size and weight.

Recognition of the signs and symptoms of poisoning. Knowledge that poisoning often mimics common sudden illnesses, such as vomiting, abdominal or chest pain and altered level of consciousness.

Provision of immediate and ongoing first aid care based on poison control recommendations.

The emergency help given to an unconscious or conscious injured or ill person to preserve life, to prevent further injury and promote recovery.

Provide safe and prompt emergency care to casualties based on their level of knowledge and skill. Determine the mechanism of injury, assesses responsiveness and seeks medical help.

Understand the principle of the Good Samaritan. The first aid attendant is aware of the legal considerations such as consent, reasonable skill and care and negligence.

Know what equipment, safety measures, universal precautions and techniques are used to minimize infection to both the casualty and the first aid attendant.

The process of efficiently assessing and communicating the need for medical care. Managing the scene until medical help arrives.

Primary survey focuses on assessing and maintaining the casualty’s airway, breathing and circulation (ABC). If required, a secondary survey includes obtaining a history of the casualty using the SAMPLE method, vital signs, a head to toe examination and first aid for injuries or illnesses that at not life-threatening.

Safe positioning methods to maintain an open airway, prevent shock and prevent further harm to the casualty.

Understand why the circulation system fails and awareness of the various types of shock.

Describe the physical, physiological and psychological changes that occur with a person in shock. Differentiate the various levels of consciousness. Comprehend the reasons for fainting.

Knowledge of how to assess for shock, unconsciousness and fainting. Use of first aid techniques to minimize shock.

Illustrate treatment and positioning for shock. The continual first aid responsibilities to the casualty until medical help takes over.

The basic knowledge of the respiratory and circulation systems.

The risk factors and preventive health measures of cardiovascular disease and choking.

Identify breathing complications and pain associated with angina, heart attack and stroke. List the signs and symptoms of angina, heart attack, choking, stroke and a transient ischemic attack.

Perform correct artificial respiration and chest compression methods on adult casualties with different injuries or illnesses such as cardiac arrest and choking emergencies.

Correct use of a face shield with a one-way valve.

Standard and unique application methods of triangular, roller, tubular bandages and slings. Common bandages found in first aid kits for major and minor wounds.

Bandaging techniques for minor and severe wounds of extremities, head and torso. Knowledge of special dressing techniques for injuries, such as amputations. Improvisation when first aid supplies are not available.

Practical experience to develop skills of applying a variety of dressings.

Understand the purpose of skin and muscle function.

Describe the cause of wounds and bleeding directly related to the mechanism of injury. Identify reasons for interrupted or inadequate circulation to soft tissue.

Knowledge of open and closed wounds and the type of bleeding.

Description of arterial and venous wounds and bleeding. Identify the extent of contusions, bleeding, pain and swelling

Rules for treatment of wounds and bleeding. First aid for abrasions, lacerations, avulsions, amputations, embedded objects, punctures and other soft tissue injuries. Knowledge of the pressure points.

Location, function and normal positioning of bones, muscles and joints.

Recognition of open and closed bone fractures, dislocation of joints and muscular strains.

Immobilization techniques using slings and splints for all extremities. Application of rest, ice, compression and elevation (RICE) to appropriate injuries.

The importance of vital organs located in the chest region and their function.

Knowledge of specific open and closed chest injuries related to the mechanism of injury, such as flail chest and pneumothorax.

Examination of the chest for ineffective breathing, swelling, bleeding and pain. Recognition of specific abnormal chest movements, such as sucking chest and paradoxical chest movement.

Evaluation and monitoring of a casualty’s breathing. Attention to wounds with specific dressings and positioning.

The five parts of the spinal column, the location and function. The basic head anatomy and physiology.

The most common mechanisms of injury, such as motor vehicle accidents and severe blows to the head or trunk.

Description of how to determine head and spinal injuries because they are not always obvious. Rely on history and mechanism of injury for head and spinal injuries. Common signs and symptoms are numbness and inability to move extremities.

Immobilization techniques using hands, cervical collars and spine boards.

Description of the layers of skin and its function in relation to body temperature, fluid and bacteria control.

Identification of specific soft tissue injuries caused by thermal heat, chemicals, electricity or radiation. Classification of burn severity measured by three degrees of skin depth.

Distinct signs and symptoms of the three degrees of burns measured by skin color, swelling and pain.

Maintenance of normal body temperature through cooling methods and dressings based on the type and cause of the burn.

The basic eye structures and their function.

Explanation of common eye injuries, such as open or closed injuries near the eye, eye penetration or removal from the socket.

Common signs and symptoms of eye injuries, including discoloration or bleeding around or in the eye, pain or a foreign body in the eye.

Distinct dressing and handling methods, similar to soft tissue injuries, with special care to foreign bodies and stabilization of embedded objects.

Issues related to movement of a casualty when the location or position of a casualty poses life-threatening hazards to the casualty or first aid attendant, or where first aid cannot be rendered.

Proper body mechanics for one or more rescue carry methods. Safe practical skills for a variety of lifting techniques.

Demonstration of a variety of commercial equipment or improvised materials commonly used for moving a casualty.

Practical experience using different methods of moving and transporting a casualty.

The basic physiology of the four most common medical conditions.

A description of each disease or illness and the reactions commonly experienced by a casualty.

Knowledge of the medical conditions and the specific triggers related to acute and long term diseases or illnesses.

Specific signs and symptoms related to the level of consciousness and sudden onset of illness.

Provision of correct and prompt care of symptoms and prevention of further harm to the casualty while waiting for medical help.

Knowledge of how the body maintains normal body temperature when exposed to heat or cold.

Specific causes of heat and cold injuries, such as over exposure of extreme temperatures, poor hydration, inadequate protection and rest while involved in an activity.

Description of the signs and symptoms of the three stages of hyperthermia and hypothermia.

Management of body temperature by increasing and decreasing heat. Methods of providing shelter from the elements and ongoing care until medical care arrives.

Definition of the term multiple casualty and the expectations of the first aid provider.

The care provided to casualties using the principle of triage.

Knowledge and ability to categorize casualties by assessing and reassessing breathing, circulation and level of consciousness quickly to determine life-threatening conditions and provide first aid care until medical help arrives.

A portrayal of the four ways poisons enter a body.

Identification of poisoning occurrences due to exposure as a result of poor storage, handling, ventilation and clothing. Potential risks of poisoning depend on factors, such as the type and amount of the substance, how it entered and the casualty’s size and weight.

Recognition of the signs and symptoms of poisoning. Knowledge that poisoning often mimics common sudden illnesses, such as vomiting, abdominal or chest pain and altered level of consciousness.

Provision of immediate and ongoing first aid care based on poison control recommendations.